Somebody give Barack Obama a Map
 to the U.S. Senate Chamber -  If You Dare;
A Look at Obama's Voting Record
Special Report from the Creative Youth News Team

March 26, 2008

Below is Obama's 2005, 2006 and 2007 voting record.   The first couple of years of this was collected by a national liberal Democratic organization.  The news team at Creative Youth has thoroughly checked that part out in Thomas.loc.gov and found it to be completely accurate.  Then the CY News Team, using Thomas.loc.gov, brought it up to date through through the end of 2007.  A lot of Obama's absences are not listed below because we just got tired of saying he didn't bother to vote on this issue or that issue.  If you read the ones we listed, you'll get the idea.  Based on his voting record when when he was present, the liberals may have gotten a better result from his absences than his votes.  If you are a liberal, get out your vomit bags and see who Obama is and what he really stands for.  If you are a conservative, you are going to love him after you check out his record. 

1/06/05:  Obama voted for Bush's Ohio electors. Roll Call 1

1/26/05: Obama voted to confirm Condoleezza Rice for Secretary of State.  Rice was largely responsible for 9/11, the Iraq War, threats of war against Iran, Syria, Venezuela and other nations, and for the deaths of hundreds of thousands of innocent victims in unnecessary wars of her making.  Roll call 2

2/01/05:  Obama was part of a unanimous consent agreement not to filibuster the nomination of  lawless torturer Alberto Gonzales as chief law enforcement officer of the United States (U.S. Attorney General).  No roll call is available to view but the unanimous consent is noted in Thomas.loc.gov

2/10/05: Obama voted for an act known by liberals as The Class Action Extreme UnFairness Act of 2005 (S 5) that makes it much more difficult, if not impossible, for victims to seek and obtain damages in class action suits filed against wrongdoers who have harmed multiple victims.  Roll call 9

2/15/05: Obama voted to confirm Michael Chertoff, a proponent of water-board torture, an individual connected to the financing of 9/11 and the man behind the round-up of thousands of people of Middle-Eastern descent following 9/11.  By confirming him, Obama, in effect, endorsed terrorist attacks on America, water-board torture and racism.  One consequence of Obama's' vote to confirm Chertoff was the Katrina disaster.    Roll call 10.  (In May, 2005, Obama voted to give Chertoff the authority to waive all laws with no judicial review and no relief.  See below.)

4/21/05: Obama voted to make John "Death Squad" Negroponte the National Intelligence Director.  In Central America, John Negroponte was connected to death squads that murdered nuns and children in sizable quantities.  He is suspected of instigating death squads while in Iraq, resulting in the current insurgency.  Instead of calling for Negroponte's prosecution, Obama rewarded him by making him National Intelligence Director.  On 4/17/05, the California Democratic Party unanimously passed a resolution discussing the death squads and calling on Senators to reject the nomination of John Negroponte.  Roll call 107

4/21/05: Obama voted for HR 1268, war appropriations in the amount of approximately $81 billion.  Much of this funding went to Blackwater USA and Halliburton and disappeared.  Roll call 109

5/10/05:  Obama voted to give the Secretary of Homeland Security the power to waive all laws (inclusive of murder, kidnapping and rape and all other heinous crimes) with no judicial review and no relief, and essentially to eliminate the ability of refugees to seek political asylum in the United States.  This bill was was a combination of two bills (HR1268/HR418), both of which were harmful to life and freedom.  HR 1268 was an appropriations bill which gave profits to contractors who benefited from wars.  HR 418 presumed to override Articles I, II and III of the U.S. Constitution.  This bill allowed Chertoff legally to commit any crime he wanted to commit in New Orleans, and elsewhere, with one result being the Katrina disaster.  It also set up the basis for a Nazi-style national ID Card, similar to the ones issued by Hitler's Regime.  Obama voted for all this in Roll Call 117

5/24/05: Obama voted for cloture on Priscilla Owen for the 5th Circuit.  Torture-proponent Alberto Gonzales even called Owen extreme in her right-wing stances.  Her record shows that she is anti-environment, anti-labor, anti-civil rights, anti-human rights, pro-discrimination and pro-polluter.  Activists tried to stop cloture as the confirmation vote was a sure thing once the Senate voted for cloture.  Roll call 127

6/14/05: Obama further stabbed the women's movement in the back by voting to confirm Thomas B. Griffith to a lifetime appointment as a justice on the DC Circuit, a court often used as a stepping stone for the U.S. Supreme Court.  Griffith, who is not licensed to practice law in Utah (his home state), believes that equal opportunity for women violates the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment.  In February, 2007, thanks to Obama's backing of Griffith, the DC circuit has now ruled that Guantanamo detainees have no right to habeas corpus.  Roll call 136

6/23/05:  Obama voted for cloture on HR 6, considered by environmental groups to be a sellout of the environment to the nuclear, coal and automotive industries.  It  provides for rewards for unsafe, pollution-ridden fuel sources and car makers who wanted to continue making inefficient cars.  It also gave Bush the power to destroy the Alaskan National Wildlife Refuge.  Roll call 152

6/28/05: Obama voted to pass HR 6, the sellout of the environment to the nuclear, coal-burning and automotive industries discussed above.  Roll call 158

7/01/05: Obama voted for HR 2419, termed "The Nuclear Bill" by environmental and peace groups.  It provided billions for nuclear weapons activities, including nuclear bunker buster bombs.   It contains full funding for Yucca Mountain, a threat to food and water in California, Nevada, Arizona and states across America.  Roll call 172

7/20/05: Obama voted to punish countries opposed to the death penalty.  Under Roll Call 196, funds and assistance would no longer be made available to  any country which refused to extradite individuals to the United States because of a moral objection to the use, by the United States, of the death penalty.  The United States is essentially alone among Western nations in its use of the death penalty.  S. Amdt 1271 to HR 3057.

7/29/05:  Obama voted for the conference report on the Energy Bill (HR 6), which was a boon to Halliburton and subjected Americans to the risk of exposure to lethal levels of radiation and mercury poisoning.  Roll call 213

9/15/05:  Obama voted to allow the use of low-cost foreign labor, in violation of labor laws, in New Orleans following Katrina.  He opposed the Dorgan Amendment to the appropriations for science, state, justice and commerce.  The amendment attempted to stop the use of appropriated funding for low-cost foreign labor, in violation of labor laws, to rebuild New Orleans.  Obama's vote stabbed American workers in the back and further damaged laborers hurt by the loss of their homes and businesses in New Orleans.  Obama's vote resulted in the importation of under-paid foreign laborers to displace American workers.  Roll call 232.  S Amdt 1665 to HR 2862.

9/26/05 & 9/28/05:  Obama failed and refused to place a hold on the nomination of John Roberts, a supporter of permanent detention of Americans without trial, and of torture and military tribunals for Guantanamo detainees.  John Roberts's  wife worked for Operation Rescue, an organization that uses extreme measures (including violence) to oppose women's doctors.  John Roberts has questioned the Constitutionality of the Violence Against Women Act and of the Endangered Species Act.  He has also expressed opposition to equal pay for women.  Roberts was responsible for a plan to disenfranchise tens of thousands of African-Americans in Florida in 2000.  Roberts was a personal pick of Pat Robertson, a man who has called for the assassination of the first world leader (of all world leaders, including our own) to offer aid to the victims of Hurricane Katrina.  In his confirmation hearings, Roberts refused to say whether he would uphold legislation that overrode a presidential veto.  A unanimous consent agreement was necessary to take Roberts's nomination to the floor, and Obama could have placed a hold on the nomination but would not do so despite the opposition of over 80% of the American public to the Roberts nomination.

10/07/05:  Obama voted for HR 2863, which appropriated $50 billion in new money for war.   Roll call 2

10/27/05:  Obama voted to confirm Susan Blake Neilson for the Sixth Circuit.  She had a history of being a judicial activist against plaintiffs in civil rights, employment, personal injury and government negligence cases and a tendency to dismiss claims that present triable issues of fact.  Both of her state Senators felt she was so extreme that they blue-slipped her.  Roll call 277

10/27/05:  Obama voted to slash funding for health care, education and other programs, such as those to help the uninsured by backing cloture on HR 3010 and then voted for the bill.  Roll calls 275 and 281

11/14/05: Obama voted again for "The Nuclear Bill" in Roll Call 321.  This was the vote on the Conference Report on the Nuclear Bill (HR 2419).  As the House had already approved the Conference Report, this was the last opportunity for anyone in Congress to say "no" to this disastrous bill which threatened California's water and food supply and provides billions of dollars for the kind of nuclear weapons activities violative of international law.

11/15/05: Obama voted for continued war, again.  Roll call 326 was the vote on the Defense Authorization Act (S1042) which kept the war and war profiteering alive, restricted the right of habeas corpus and encouraged terrorism.  Pursuant to his pattern, Obama voted for this.

12/21/05: Obama confirmed his support for war by voting for the Conference Report on the Defense Appropriations Act (HR 2863), Roll call 366, which provided more funding to Halliburton and Blackwater.

2/2/06: Obama voted to extend the USA-PATRIOT's attack on the Constitution for five weeks to allow Congress time to  put together the support to adopt the renewal of USA-PATRIOT.  Roll call 11

2/16/06: Obama voted for cloture on "USA PATRIOT Act Additional Reauthorizing Amendments Act of 2006," S2271.  The act still contained the most objectionable provisions from 2001 and had a new provision allowing the government to collect lists of people and kids suffering from colds and allergies.  The renewal still allowed the government to do all the other really bad stuff it had been doing under the PATRIOT Act and it could still obtain library records (even though the public was misled into believing otherwise).  Those voting on the bill knew that it was worse than the original but worked to deceive the public about how much more freedom had been taken away.  This cloture vote guaranteed passage.  Roll call 22

3/1/06: Obama voted to pass S2271, the USA PATRIOT Act Reauthorizing Amendments Act of 2006, which strengthened and made worse the original USA-PATRIOT Act.  Roll call 25

3/1/06: Obama voted for cloture on the USA-PATRIOT Act (HR 3199), Conference Report.  This was the last real chance to stop the Act.  It was known that there would not be enough votes to stop the act, so stopping cloture was the most important issue.  Obama voted for this.  Roll call 28

3/2/06: Obama voted for the conference report on USA-PATRIOT, itself, made worse than the original by changes that removed more freedom from the American people and gave more power to agencies trying to deprive Americans of their Constitutional Rights and making most of the most intrusive provisions permanent.  This was the last chance to stop USA-PATRIOT.  Roll call 29.

3/27/06: Obama voted to confirm pro-nuclear war profiteer Dennis Spurgeon as Assistant Secretary of Energy.  Spurgeon's appointment will likely lead to Chernobyls in the U.S. and to more wars.   Roll call 76.

5/2/06: Obama voted for money for more war by voting for cloture on HR 4939, the emergency funding to Halliburton, Blackwater and other war profiteers.  Roll call 103

5/4/06: Obama, again, voted to adopt HR4939 the emergency funding to war profiteers.  Roll call 112.

5/8/06: Obama didn't care enough about the sick to show up to vote on the cloture vote on S. 22, AKA the Legalize Medical Murder by Capping the Malpractice Damages Bill.  Roll call 115

5/16/06:  Obama voted to confirm Milan D. Smith to the 9th Circuit.  The appointment was part of an Bush's effort to turn the 9th Circuit from moderate to extreme right wing by adding justices to the Circuit who would support the Bush Agenda.  This directly damaged the chances of getting a fair trial on the West Coast.  Roll call 120

5/25/06:  Obama voted against immigrants by backing S 2611, the Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of 2006, which was less fair to immigrants than the previous system or no bill at all.  Roll call 157

5/25/06:  Obama voted for cloture on the nomination of Brett M. Kavanaugh to be a justice on the D.C. Circuit, placing him in line for a future Supreme Court nomination.  The trouble is that he is another right-wing extremist who will undercut human rights on the cases he judges.  A result of his confirmation is the recent decision to deny Guantanamo detainees the right of habeas corpus.  Roll call 158

5/26/06:  Obama again opposed environmentalists in voting for the cloture on anti-environmentalist Dirk Kempthorne, who was nominated for Secretary of the Interior.  Roll Call 161

6/13/06:   Obama voted to commend the armed services for a bombing that killed innocent people and children and reportedly resulted in the death of Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, a person unlikely ever to have existed and who was reported killed three times previously.  Michael Berg, whose son was reportedly killed by al-Zarqawi, condemned the attack and expressed sorrow over the innocent people and children killed in the bombing that Obama commended.  Roll call 168

6/15/06:  Obama voted for the conference report on HR 4939, a bill that gave warmongers more money to continue the killing and massacre of innocent people in Iraq and allows profiteers to collect more money for scamming the people of New Orleans.  Roll Call 171

6/15/06:  Obama again opposed withdrawal of the troops by voting to table a motion to table a proposed amendment would have required the withdrawal of US. Armed Forces from Iraq and would have urged the convening of an Iraq summit (S Amdt 4269 to S Amdt 4265 to S 2766).  The result of Obama's vote is that the reported US death toll is now over 3000 and the reported civilian death toll is about 700,000.  Families of those who have died in Iraq since 6/15/06 can send their bills for the funeral expenses to Barack Obama.  Roll Call 174

6/19/06:  Obama voted to confirm Sandra Segal Ikutu, another opponent of human rights, to the 9th Circuit.  This was part of Bush's stacking of the 9th Circuit in a seeming effort to turn the 9th circuit from moderate to right-wing.  Roll call 175

6/22/06:  Obama voted against withdrawing the troops by opposing the Kerry Amendment (S Amdt 4442 to S 2766) to the National Defense Authorization Act.  The amendment, which was rejected, would have brought our troops home, ended the fighting and forced the Iraqi people to take charge of their security.  Roll Call 181

6/22/06: Obama voted for cloture (the last effective chance to stop) on the National Defense Authorization Act (S 2766), which provided massive amounts of funding to defense contractors to continue the killing in Iraq.  Roll Call 183

6/22/06:  Obama again voted for continued war by voting to pass the National Defense Authorization Act (S 2766) continued war funding.   Roll Call 186

6/29/06:  Obama voted to adopt  the United States - Oman Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act  (S 3569), which gave American jobs to foreign child slave laborers and eliminated environmental requirements for industries.  Roll call 190

8/2/06:  Obama voted to use $1.8 billion to build a fence along the Mexican border to satisfy a group of anti-immigrant racists.  Roll call 220

8/3/06:   Obama voted to gut pensions of American workers in voting for HR4, AKA the Pension Destruction Act.  Roll Call 230

9/7/06:  Obama voted to give more money to profiteers for more war (HR 5631).  Roll Call 239

9/19/06: Voted for United States-Oman Cut Jobs for American Workers and Send them to India Trade Implementation Act (HR 5684).  This and similar bills perpetuate the use of child slave labor and undercutting the environment while sending US jobs to foreign low-cost labor.  Roll Call 250

9/29/06: Obama voted for the conference report on more funding for war, HR 5631.  Roll Call 261

11/16/06:  Obama voted for nuclear proliferation in voting to pass HR 5682, a bill to exempt the United States-India Nuclear Proliferation Act from requirements of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954.  Roll Call 270

12/06/06:  Obama voted to confirm pro-war Robert M. Gates to be Secretary of Defense.  Gates is a supporter of Bush's policies of pre-emptive war and conquest of foreign countries.  Roll Call 272

12/07/06:  Obama voted for cloture and the confirmation of Andrew Von Eschenbach to be Commissioner of the FDA.   Eschenbach favors unlabeled use of genetically-modified and cloned food products,  Obama voted for cloture and confirmation.  Roll Call 273 and 274

12/8/06:  In Roll Calls 275 and 276, Obama voted for cloture and confirmation of another of Bush's right wing Circuit Court nominees, Kent A. Jordan.  This nomination is part of Bush's plan to pack the 9th Circuit against labor, against the environment, against choice, against civil rights and civil liberties and in favor of corporate rule.

1/26/07: Obama voted to elevate Lt. General David Petraeus (one of the most bloody generals ever and later called by Moveon: General Betray Us) to be General in Iraq.  Roll Call 33

2/15/07: Obama voted to confirm conservative Norman Randy Smith of Idaho for the 9th Circuit.    Roll Call 49

3/15/07: Obama voted to confirm conservative Thomas M. Hardiman for the 3rd Circuit.  Roll Call 95

3/22/07:  Obama voted against establishing a Social Security Reserve fund that couldn't be raided.  This was a vote on an amendment to the budget resolution.  The amendment would have established that reserve fund for Social Security.  The purpose of the proposed reserve fund was to prevent Congress from raiding money paid into Social Security for other purposes.  The author pointed out that an IOU to Social Security didn't go far enough and that a reserve needed to be set aside out of the budget to protect those who had paid into Social Security.  Roll Call 89

3/23/08:  Obama voted for more war funding (Iraq, Iran, etc.) in the budget.  Roll Call 114

3/28/07: Obama voted for cloture on HR 1591, a bill to finance the occupation in Iraq for years to come.  The bill contained  money for a potential war with Iran.  Roll Call 117. 

3/29/07: This was the vote to pass HR 1591, a bill to finance the occupation in Iraq for years to come.  The bill contained money for a potential war with Iran.  Roll Call 126

4/16/07: Obama didn't bother to show up to vote for or against cloture on  S372, The Intelligence Authorization Act for 2007.  This Act included occupational & war funding and funding for surveillance on us.  Roll Call 130

4/17/07: Obama didn't bother to show up to vote for or against cloture on S372 (more funds for occupation, war and surveillance).  Roll Call 131

4/25/07:   Obama voted for S 761 (inclusive of HR 2272), a bill that extensively funded nuclear programs that threaten all life on Earth.  Roll Call 146

4/26/07: Obama voted to approve the conference report on HR 1591 (more occupation and war funding).  Roll Call 147

5/9/07: Obama voted to confirm anti-human rights justice Debra Ann Livingston to the Second Circuit.  Roll Call 158

5/17/07: Obama voted for the conference report on the budget (S Con Res 21), which included lots of funding to continue the occupation in Iraq.  Roll Call 172

6/5/07: Obama didn't bother to vote on an immigration act amendment that would have dramatically affected the rights of undocumented workers.  Roll Call 182

6/5/07:  Obama didn't bother to vote on an immigration act amendment that would have encouraged employers to give preference to American workers.  Roll Call 183

6/5/07:  Obama didn't bother to vote on whether or not registered voters could be prevented from voting if they did not show up at the polls with a photo ID.  This amendment to the Comprehensive Immigration Act and the Help America Vote Act could have resulted in the disenfranchisement and harassment of sizable numbers of legitimate registered voters.  Roll Call 184

6/5/07: Obama didn't bother to vote on whether or not to establish a commission to review World War II injustices against Americans, Latin Americans and Jews.  Roll Call 185

6/7/07: Obama voted for cloture on S 1348, one of the worst immigration bills ever proposed.  It would have created slave labor concentration camps for immigrant workers.  Roll Call 204

6/28/07: Obama voted for cloture on S 1639, which was the anti-immigrant legislation S 1348 re-introduced under a new number.  Roll Call 235

7/12/07: Obama didn't bother to vote on a National Defense Authorization Act amendment (S 2024) which provided false statements of nuclear activities in Iran and expressed support for a potential attack on Iran.  Roll Call 245

7/17/07:  Obama voted for a National Defense Authorization Act amendment (S 2100) opposing withdrawal from Iraq because it would lead to a failed state and that a failed state would lead to "massive humanitarian suffering."  Roll Call 248

7/19.07: Obama didn't bother to vote either way on an amendment (S 2351) praising and supporting the work at Guantanamo.  Roll Call 259

7/19/07: Obama didn't vote either way regarding the use of a secret ballot in National Labor Relations Board elections.  Roll Call 260

7/20/07: Obama didn't bother to vote on the College Cost Reduction Act, HR 2669.  College is financially out of reach for millions of middle class American youth.  Roll Call 272.  He didn't bother to vote either way on bringing it to the floor on the 17th either.  That was Roll Call 253

7/24/07: Obama didn't bother to vote on S 1642, the Higher Education Amendments Act of 2007, which included grants and funding for college.  Roll Call 275

7/26/07: Obama didn't bother to vote on S Amdt 2480 (the Graham Amendment) on the Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act, 2008.  This Amendment, which passed, ensured the wall along the border of the United States and Mexico and included other anti-immigrant measures.  Roll Call 278

7/26/07: Obama didn't bother to vote on an amendment to include funding for the Real ID Act (which gives Michael Chertoff the power to commit any crime with immunity and provides for Nazi-style National ID Cards) in the Homeland Security Appropriations Act of 2008.  If those who had not voted had done so, there would have been a tie.  Roll Call 279

7/26/07: Obama didn't bother to vote at all on the Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act of 2008, HR 2638.  This Act contained funding for anti-immigrant measures, the war, anti-civil liberties measures, and the war.  Roll Call 282

9/6/07: Obama didn't bother to vote either way on another military appropriations bill, HR 2642.  Roll Call 316

9/6/07: Obama didn't bother to vote either way on an amendment that would have prevented contributions to pro-choice organizations.  Roll Call 320

9/6/07: Obama didn't bother to vote either way on HR 2764, the Department of State, Foreign Operations and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2008, which profited further from funding for war with Iraq and Afghanistan and operations in Iran.  Roll Call 325

9/7/07: Obama didn't bother to vote either way on HR2669, the College Cost Reduction Act of 2007.  Roll Call 326

9/11/07: Obama didn't bother to vote either way on a motion to table an amendment to the Highway Bill requiring that obsolete bridges be repaired as a priority.  Roll Call 330

9/12/07: Obama voted to table an amendment to provide a system for better construction and maintenance of America's aging bridge infrastructure in the Transportation Appropriations Act.  Roll Call 334

9/12/07:  Instead of supporting the use of Transportation funds for construction and maintenance of the aging bridge infrastructure, he voted for using those funds for a baseball field in Billings, Montana by tabling an amendment to prohibit tho use of transportation and housing funds for that particular baseball field.  The amendment would also have prioritized arranging housing for Katrina victims.  Roll Call 335

9/20/07:  Obama did not bother to vote on a Senate amendment to the National Defense Authorization Act which condemned a Move-on ad referring to General Petreaus as "General Betray us."  The amendment was adopted by a vote of 72 to 25 with more than half of the Democrats (including Clinton) opposing the amendment.  Roll Call 344

9/26/07  Obama did not bother to vote on a Senate amendment to the National Defense Authorization Act condemning Iran.  Roll Call 349

9/27007 Obama did not vote either way on further appropriations which included war.  Roll Call 355

10/16/07  Obama did not bother to vote on appropriations to local law enforcement to make them immigration enforcers.  Roll Call 369

10/16/07  Obama did not bother to vote on the Commerce Act which included funds for anti-immigrant activities.  Roll Call 372

10/16/07 Obama did not bother to vote on whether pregnant women, mothers and infants should receive $1,000,000 that was previously set aside for a Woodstock Museum.  The reassignment of this money to the pregnant women, mothers, and infants was barely defeated.  Roll Call 377

10/23/07  Obama did not bother to vote on requiring Congress to prioritize health care for children over special interest pork projects.  Roll Call 384

11/01/07:  Obama did not bother to vote either way on Children's Health Insurance (HR 3962).  Roll Call 403

12/04/07:  Obama did not bother to vote either way on the US-Peru Free Trade Agreement.  Roll Call 413

12/06/07: Obama did not bother to vote either way on a tax bill that raised the limits of amounts that could be earned in different brackets.  Roll call 415

12/13/07: Obama did not bother to vote either way on a bill that was purportedly to provide farm relief.  Roll Call 428

12/14/07:  Obama did not bother to vote either way on the FHA Modernization Act that purported to help new potential homeowners.  Roll Call 432

12/14/07: Obama did not bother to vote either way on the conference report on the National Defense Authorization Act, which provided funding to the current occupation of Iraq, and future wars.  Roll Call 433

12/14/07: Obama did not bother to vote either way on the "Farm, Nutrition and Bioenergy Act of 2007."  Roll Call 434

12/17/07: Obama did not bother to vote either way on cloture on the FISA Act, which provided for spying on Americans. Roll Call 435

12/18/07:  Obama didn't bother to vote either way on HR 2764, the Department of State, Foreign Operations and Related Programs, which provided funding for spying on Americans and overt and covert wars. It was also an anti-immigration bill.  Roll Call 436

12/18/07: Obama didn't vote either way on an amendment to create a transition towards a more limited role in Iraq.  Roll Call 438

12/18/07: Obama didn't bother to vote either way on the confirmation of right wing justice John Daniel Tinder to the Seventh Circuit.  Roll Call 442

Should someone give him a map?  Or should someone hold back that map until he is out of the Senate? 

Copyright ©2008 by the Creative Youth News Team.  All rights reserved.

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